Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

Cells navigate environments, communicate and build complex patterns by initiating gene expression in response to specific signals. Engineers seek to harness this capability to program cells to perform ...

I had met Professor Franco when I attended, for the first time, the Analog Aficionados dinner which Jim Williams had as an annual event in California. I was immediately drawn to him as I saw him ...

This series of articles discusses the different steps of PCB development from the basics of creating a design schematic with specific requirements, to finalizing a board and preparing it for ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Synthetic gene circuits are designed to implement novel biologic function, including cellular logic, dynamics and complex cellular and multicellular behaviours. A decade after emerging as a discipline ...